How to Get Into Cyber Security: Pathways to Starting a Security Career

The demand for cybersecurity professionals has never been greater. In 2024, the average organization faced 1,636 cyberattacks per week. That’s a staggering 30% year-over-year increase. And as the volume of attacks rises, so does the financial toll. In the US alone, cybercrime losses reached a record $12.5 billion in 2023 and are projected to soar to $13.82 trillion by 2028.

If you’ve been wondering how to get into cyber security, now is the perfect time to explore your options. With cyberattacks on the rise and businesses desperately seeking skilled professionals, this field is brimming with opportunities. Whether you’re considering a career change or just starting your professional journey, there’s a path for you. In this article, we’ll break down how you can break into the industry as a beginner—from building essential skills to earning certifications that can open doors to cybersecurity roles. 

But let’s get one thing clear first:

What is Cybersecurity and What Does Getting into this Field Mean?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, and damage. It plays a critical role in safeguarding sensitive information and ensures that there are no disruption of operations in businesses, governments, financial institutions, and all other aspects of digital day-to-day life. 

Getting into this industry as a professional means participating in any of its wide range of activities, from detecting and preventing breaches to responding to threats and mitigating risks. Now this isn’t just technology; it’s also about strategies, policies, and even human behavior. All of these collectively can defend against the many and evolving cyber threats. 

Entering this field, you join a dynamic and exciting profession that touches nearly every aspect of modern life. You will have to learn the needed skills in order to address organizational vulnerabilities, and in general, create a safer digital environment. A career in cybersecurity offers the chance to make a meaningful difference while building a challenging, future-proof profession.

Why Get Into Cyber Security?

Cybersecurity professionals have never been in higher demand. Cyberattacks have become more frequent and complex, and businesses across every industry are scrambling to find skilled people who can protect their systems and data. It’s an exciting time to consider a career in cybersecurity, and it shows in the numbers.

Creating an impact on people’s lives

But it’s not just the availability of jobs, career stability, or competitive salaries. Security professionals are doing impactful work by protecting businesses and individuals from digital threats. Whether it’s preventing sensitive data breaches, defending against ransomware attacks, or ensuring operational continuity during a cyber crisis, the work of a security professional matters to many. Every successful defense against an attack helps protect financial assets, sensitive personal data, and even critical infrastructure. If you get into this field, it wouldn’t be just a job—it would be a way to make a tangible difference. 

Having diverse career options

Another compelling reason to explore a career in cybersecurity is the many diverse career paths it offers. Think of it like entering the medical field—you could specialize as a surgeon, nurse, medical technologist, or emergency responder. Similarly, in cybersecurity, there’s something for everyone. You could dive into hands-on technical roles, focus on strategic risk management, or shape the future of security through governance and compliance policies. 

Your destination depends on your interests, background, technical skills, and cybersecurity education. Experience will, of course, play a key role especially the further you advance. But the most important step right now is figuring out how to get started in cybersecurity.

Who Can Get Into Cybersecurity?

One of the biggest myths about cybersecurity is that you need advanced technical knowledge or a computer science degree to get started. Let’s erase that thought right now. The truth is, cybersecurity is a broad and dynamic field that opens its doors to people from diverse backgrounds.

Breaking the Myths

When considering a job in cybersecurity, individuals often ask: How do I get into cyber security without a degree? Or, how do I get into cyber security without experience?

There is always a learning curve with any type of work, and cybersecurity is no exception. But get this: you don’t need to be a coding expert or have years of IT experience to start a career here. There are many entry-level positions like Tier 1 SOC analyst or cybersecurity technician. While these roles require a solid understanding of the basics, they rely just as heavily on transferable soft skills like problem-solving and analytical thinking. 

Excelling Without Experience or a Degree

For those wondering how to get into cybersecurity without experience or how to get into cybersecurity without a degree, it’s important to focus on the skills you already have and how they apply. For instance, strong communications skills are considered invaluable, particularly for roles that involve explaining technical risks to non-technical stakeholders. Similarly, if you have a background in customer service or education you may likely have the organizational and interpersonal skills needed for incident response or security awareness and education. 

If you think cybersecurity is all about writing code and configuring systems, think again. Many technical subfields in the industry do require deep IT expertise but there are also roles that rely just as much on problem-solving, curiosity, and attention to detail. These are qualities that don’t require prior training but are essential for success in the field. People from non-technical backgrounds can excel (and have often done so) in cybersecurity because they bring fresh perspectives to analyzing threats and vulnerabilities.

There are many paths toward a cyber security career and having formal education in this discipline is only one of the routes. Still, while a degree in IT or prior experience is not a prerequisite, gaining technical knowledge and knowing how to apply your current skills to the field is a must. 

Now let’s explore exactly how a route for building your career in cybersecurity could start.

How to Get into Cyber Security: Common Entry Points

Starting a career in cybersecurity can feel overwhelming, especially for beginners. Whether you’re just beginning your professional journey, considering a career change, or pursuing your passion for security, the field offers diverse pathways to match your goals and starting point. 

Would formal education be the most suitable for you? Or perhaps doing self paced-learning during your extra time would work better in your case. With some experience and knowledge, you may also break into the field by acquiring industry-recognized certifications. Let’s look into these options one by one.

1. Formal Education

If you’re considering a traditional route into cybersecurity, earning a degree in technology-related fields like information technology, computer science, or computer information systems is a great option. These programs give you a solid foundation in essential topics such as networking, operating systems, software development, and risk management. While they may not focus solely on security, they provide the technical skills you can easily build upon to move into cybersecurity roles.

For those looking for a more direct path, a degree specifically focused on cybersecurity may be more suitable for you. For example, an associate degree in cybersecurity can be completed in just one to two years, making it a quick way to gain structured education and enter the workforce. With an associate degree, you’ll be prepared for entry-level roles like IT technician or junior security analyst.

A bachelor’s degree in cybersecurity, on the other hand, offers a deeper dive into advanced topics such as penetration testing, incident response, and digital forensics. This four-year program equips you with more in-depth knowledge than a shorter course. It also offers opportunities to connect with industry professionals through internships and networking events. This degree could give you the edge if you’re aiming for competitive entry-level positions or want a broader range of career options.

Already have a degree in IT or a related field? You can still transition into cybersecurity. Your background in systems administration, software development, or network engineering can serve as a strong foundation. Pair it with certifications or hands-on training, and you’ll be well on your way to breaking into the field.

If you’re thinking about long-term career growth, pursuing a master’s degree or even a Ph.D. in cybersecurity might be the way to go. These advanced degrees focus on high-level topics like cryptography, AI-driven threat detection, and cutting-edge security research. They’re especially valuable if you’re aspiring to roles like Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), cybersecurity researcher, or even a position in academia.

 2. Self-Learning

Are you confident that your soft skills—like problem-solving, critical thinking, or attention to detail—are a good fit for cybersecurity but feel like you lack the technical know-how? Self-learning offers a flexible and practical way to build your skills at your own pace. There are many comprehensive online platforms that allow you to dive into foundational topics and gain some hands-on experience without needing formal training. 

Here are three of the most widely-used online learning platforms that cover a wide range of cyber security programs and specializations, often designed for learners at varying skill levels:

• Coursera. Coursera partners with top universities and companies to offer comprehensive courses on cybersecurity. Programs like the Google Cybersecurity Professional Certificate are perfect for beginners, covering key concepts such as network security, threat detection, and incident response. Many courses are project-based, allowing you to build practical skills while earning a certification.

• Udemy. Known for its affordable and beginner-friendly courses, Udemy offers a wide selection of cybersecurity classes that range from introductory lessons to advanced topics like ethical hacking and cloud security. One of the platform’s strengths is its bite-sized lessons, which are perfect for fitting into a busy schedule.

• edX. edX hosts courses from universities such as MIT and Harvard, focusing on in-depth topics like cryptography, system security, and risk management. Many courses offer a more academic approach, making edX a great choice if you’re looking for rigorous learning. Some courses even provide certificates that can enhance your resume.

Self-learning allows you to experiment and explore specific areas of cybersecurity that pique your interest. Choosing a structured program and then complementing this later on with more hands-on challenges or would provide you the knowledge and tools to immediately build a foundation in your chosen specialty.

3. Certifications

Certifications are a powerful way to validate your knowledge and skills, whether you’ve gained them through formal education or self-directed learning. They show employers that you’re committed to cybersecurity and have the expertise needed to succeed. For beginners, certifications can serve as a stepping stone to entry-level roles and help bridge the gap if you don’t have prior work experience. 

Here are three common and beginner-friendly certifications to consider:

1. CompTIA Security+. CompTIA Security+ is one of the most widely recognized entry-level certifications. It covers core security concepts, but also includes in-demand skills for the latest threats. This vendor-neutral certification is ideal for those starting out because it demonstrates the passer’s core-level competency. 
   • Why It’s Valuable: Many employers consider it a foundational requirement for roles like Security Analyst or SOC Analyst.
   • Key Topics: General security concepts; security operations; threats, vulnerabilities & mitigations, security architecture.
2. Google Cybersecurity Professional Certificate. Available on Coursera, this beginner-focused certification emphasizes hands-on skills and practical knowledge. It’s designed to prepare you for entry-level roles like IT Security Analyst by teaching you the basics of network security, incident response, and more.
   • Why It’s Valuable: Backed by the global tech leader, the Google Cybersecurity Professional Certificate offers credibility and relevance, especially for those transitioning into cybersecurity.
   • Key Topics: Security frameworks; threat identification; security tools; basic Linux/SQL and Python for security tasks
3. ISC2 Certified in Cybersecurity (CC). Introduced by ISC2, this certification is specifically designed for those new to the field. It focuses on foundational cybersecurity concepts and is an excellent choice if you’re planning to pursue advanced ISC2 certifications like CISSP in the future.
   • Why It’s Valuable: The ISC2 name carries significant industry weight, and this certification requires no prior experience.
   • Key Topics: Cybersecurity principles, access controls, business continuity & disaster recovery, network security.

After building a solid foundation in cybersecurity, you can take the next step by pursuing certifications that focus on specialized areas like ethical hacking or penetration testing. Here are three specialized entry-level certifications to fit your needs: 

1. GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC). The GSEC certification is designed for individuals who want to demonstrate their technical knowledge of IT systems and their ability to implement security measures. 
   • Why It’s Valuable: Known for its comprehensive approach, GSEC validates hands-on expertise and prepares you for roles with more technical demands. 
   • Key Topics: Security architecture, penetration testing, and data loss prevention. Skills include analyzing network vulnerabilities, securing cloud systems, and managing incident responses.
2. Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). CEH focuses on offensive security, teaching you how to think like a hacker to identify and fix vulnerabilities in systems. The certification includes practical exercises on penetration testing, vulnerability exploitation, and system assessment.
   • Why It’s Valuable: Ethical hacking is a growing field, and this certification is often required for penetration tester and vulnerability analyst roles.
   • Key Topics: Hacking methodologies, malware analysis, and penetration testing tools.
3. CompTIA PenTest+. CompTIA PenTest+ is designed for professionals who want to specialize in penetration testing and vulnerability assessment. It’s unique in covering all stages of penetration testing, from planning and scoping to exploitation and remediation.
   • Why It’s Valuable: PenTest+ is an excellent bridge between foundational certifications like Security+ and more advanced credentials like CEH. It equips you with hands-on skills in vulnerability assessment and exploit analysis.
   • Key Topics: Vulnerability scanning, exploit techniques, and post-attack analysis​

These specialized entry-level certifications not only validate your technical expertise but also prepare you for hands-on roles, giving you a competitive edge in landing your first cybersecurity job.

Gaining Hands-On Experience: A Must-Do

If you’re pursuing a career in cybersecurity through self-learning, gaining hands-on experience is essential. When you acquire IT degrees through formal education, practical labs and projects are typically incorporated into the curriculum. However, self-learners must actively seek out ways to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. This is often referred to as hands-on experience.

Hands-on experience not only reinforces what you’ve learned but also helps you build the technical expertise employers are looking for. Gaining the practical skills necessary outside of a traditional workplace can be achieved through different means:

1. Using Online Learning Platforms with Hands-On Labs

Platforms like TryHackMe, Hack The Box, and CyberSec Labs provide virtual environments where you can practice penetration testing and system exploitation. These interactive labs are perfect for gaining experience in solving real-world cybersecurity challenges. They even offer guided paths to help beginners like you gradually build your skills as you progress through increasingly complex scenarios.

2.  Building Personal Projects and Home Labs

Creating your own home lab is an excellent way to experiment with cybersecurity tools and techniques. By setting up virtual environments with tools like Kali Linux, Wireshark, or VirtualBox, you can practice tasks like network monitoring, vulnerability scanning, and ethical hacking. Personal projects allow you to explore specific areas of interest. More importantly, these provide tangible examples of your skills to showcase to potential employers.

3. Gaining Real-world Experiences through Internships and Entry-level IT Roles

Internships and entry-level positions— IT support or help desk roles, are invaluable for gaining exposure to real-world cybersecurity operations. With some technical knowledge, you’ll find organizations offering  internships and mentorships tailored for aspiring cybersecurity professionals. In addition, you can also apply for junior IT support positions where you get to interact with networks, troubleshoot security issues, and develop professional relationships. These experiences provide a strong foundation that can be leveraged for cybersecurity roles in the future.

4. Participating in Capture the Flag (CTF) Challenges

CTF competitions are an engaging way to test your skills in areas like cryptography, web security, and ethical hacking. These events are hosted on CTFtime or through platforms like TryHackMe, giving you a shot at solving security puzzles and simulating real-world scenarios. Competing in CTFs not only sharpens your skills but also connects you with a community of like-minded professionals and learners.

Start Building Connections and Continue Learning

When you’re just starting out in cybersecurity, networking and continuous learning are two of the most powerful tools at your disposal. While it might seem overwhelming, there are simple, effective ways to build connections and keep growing your knowledge in the field.

1. Join Cyber Security Communities

Engaging with beginner-friendly forums or local groups is a great way to meet others in the field and learn from their experiences. Platforms like Reddit’s r/cybersecurity and LinkedIn groups offer valuable discussions and networking opportunities. You can also check out online communities like Discord servers or local meetups that cater to newcomers. These spaces often share job opportunities, resources, and advice from professionals who have been in the field longer.

2. Keep Learning with Blogs, Podcasts, and Webinars

The field of cybersecurity is constantly evolving, and staying updated is key. Follow beginner-friendly blogs and listen to podcasts that break down complex topics in an accessible way. For instance, The CyberWire podcast or Krebs on Security provide great insights without being too technical. Additionally, free webinars and online events hosted by organizations like CompTIA or SANS Institute can offer tips and keep you updated on industry trends.

3.  Seek Mentorship (When You’re Ready)

While not everyone may have access to formal mentorship right away, finding a mentor is an excellent way to guide your learning journey. If you’re part of an online community, ask more experienced professionals for advice or guidance on how to advance your career. Even simple connections can offer valuable insights into how to grow in the field. Mentorship doesn’t always mean formal relationships—it can simply be learning from someone who has more experience and is willing to share advice.

Take the First Step into Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is a rapidly growing field with a variety of opportunities, whether you’re new to tech or transitioning from another career. You don’t need a degree in IT to get started. With the right certifications, online courses, and hands-on experience, you can gain the skills needed for entry-level roles. The key is to start small, build your knowledge, and keep learning.

By networking with others in the field and staying updated on industry trends, you’ll continue to grow and find new opportunities. Take the first step today—there’s no better time to get into cybersecurity!